Restoring California’s Lost River Forests

Farming Native Habitat to Rescue Imperiled Wildlife

This article appeared in

River Partners’ 2024 Impact Report: Confluence

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In the face of the twin crises of climate change and biodiversity loss, River Partners is accelerating riverway restoration at an unprecedented pace and scale. Last year, we secured nearly 3,000 acres for habitat recovery—more than any year in our 26-year history.

Over 95% of river ecosystems statewide have vanished due to development. Gone are millions of birds that once darkened Central Valley skies, hundreds of thousands of tule elk grazing on lush grasses, and countless grizzly bears that feasted on rivers and streams overflowing with salmon. However, these ecosystems are rebounding thanks to River Partners and our allies.

The pace and scale of investment into reversing extinction trends we’ve collectively put forth is not enough. We must redouble our efforts and expand habitat for imperiled species like Chinook salmon if they’re going to survive climate change. There’s no time to waste.

Mike Davis, River Partners Senior Restoration Science Ecologist

We are putting hundreds of thousands of native plants in the ground up and down the state, matching distinct and varied species to their historic locations. Along the Central Valley’s major rivers, wildlife are returning to nest, burrow, spawn, and breed in areas they haven’t inhabited in a century.

Last year, a rare Western yellow-billed Cuckoo was found along Butte Creek in Glenn County where River Partners restored 50 acres of native habitat 20 years ago. It’s estimated the statewide population of this striking, endangered bird is fewer than 50 pairs. Wildlife returning to revitalized sites tells us restoration is working.

The restoration of a floodplain forest at our historic 1,600-acre Dos Rios Ranch Preserve near Modesto—which in June became California’s newest state park in over a decade—provides nesting for red-tailed hawks, habitat for migratory birds along the 4,000-mile Pacific Flyway, and a haven for pollinators like monarch butterflies. The expanded river habitat corridor at Dos Rios also provides flood safety, groundwater recharge, natural carbon capture, and outdoor recreation for a park-starved San Joaquin Valley.

We’ve replicated this blueprint for ecosystem recovery statewide, including at the 1,000-acre Panorama Vista Preserve along the Kern River in Bakersfield, which despite being one of the most ecologically imperiled rivers in the country, this year saw wildlife like beavers, coyotes, and bobcats return.

More than a century of industrial development along the approximately 165-mile Kern River which winds through Bakersfield had taken its toll on riverside landscapes like the nearly 1,000-acre Panorama Vista Preserve north of the city. The preserve is a popular destination for the public but had suffered neglect for decades. Starting in 2008, River Partners and our allies from the Kern River Holding Company, which manages the preserve, launched a major overhaul of this once-verdant oasis in the middle of the desert. Together, we planted more than 35,000 native trees and vegetation over 150 acres that not only brought the public flocking to the banks of the Kern, but also revitalized important wildlife like the Western monarch butterfly, whose population has plummeted 99% since the 1980s.

Along the Sacramento River, River Partners, federal agencies, and the Yurok Tribe are partnering to restore historic side channel habitat for imperiled salmon at many strategic locations between Redding and Colusa. Despite critically low populations of salmon statewide, our restoration teams see fish immediately utilize restored habitat to safely feed and grow strong before heading out to sea, increasing their chances of survival.

Historically, upwards of one million salmon returned from the Pacific Ocean each year to spawn in Central Valley rivers and streams. Now, experts are afraid of losing entire runs of native salmon in the wild. Populations of winter-run Chinook salmon in particular have dropped over 90% in the last 20 years. As California faces increasingly intense and frequent heat waves and megafires driven by climate change, including the Park Fire, which burned through some of the last, best remaining habitat for imperiled Central Valley Chinook salmon in the Mill and Deer Creek watersheds this summer, River Partners advances riverway restoration statewide that provides critical salmon habitat and bolsters the state’s climate resilience. Photo: Carl Costas / California Department of Water Resources

In the San Joaquin Valley, we are providing shelter, safety, and food for the endangered riparian brush rabbit. With just 5% of their habitat remaining statewide, these rabbits have fewer places to escape floodwaters. This year, we continued planting “bunny hills” where one of California’s most endangered mammals can find refuge during flooding.

At River Partners’ Hidden Valley Ranch near Modesto, Assistant Field Manager Amanda Costa shows Google team members how to carefully tuck native plants into the ground. Restored in 2024, the ranch is adjacent to our historic, 1,600-acre Dos Rios Ranch Preserve. Together, the properties comprise one of the largest contiguous restored riverway corridors in all of California. We’re leveraging Google’s investment to revitalize the important Tuolumne and San Joaquin rivers, create habitat for wildlife on the brink, increase freshwater conservation and replenishment, and give new outdoor-recreation opportunities that boost public health.

In Southern California, we’re restoring a native mesquite and cottonwood forest along the Alamo River near the Salton Sea. The area once was a mecca for birds including burrowing owls—and habitat restoration at the Imperial Wildlife Area will restore a vibrant area for wildlife and people to enjoy again.

Once degraded, our river forests are making a comeback. In restoring nearly 20,000 acres of river forest since 1998, River Partners is bringing life back to all of California and is boosting ecosystems—and that touches and benefits life everywhere.